+ All You Should Know About The Holiest Month
By
Rasheed Abubakar
Nigerian Muslims will on Thursday, June 18, 2015, join their brethren all over
the world to commence the 1436 A.H (2015) Ramadan fasting, AL-FAHM investigations can authoritatively reveal.
This will be based on the sighting of the moon on Wednesday, June 1’s night,
which is equivalent to 29 of Sha’ban, eight Islamic calendar. However, if the
moon is not sighted, the month of Sha’ban will be 30 on Thursday, and Friday,
June 19 marks the beginning of the fast in the blessed month of Ramadan.
Although, there is no official statement from the Sultan of Sokoto, who is the
President of Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (NSCIA), the National
Moon Sighting Committee (NMSC) confirmed June 18 as the probable date.
In an exclusive interview with AL-FAHM,
a member of the committee, Imam Abdullahi Shuaib said: "Based on available
date before the NMSC and astronomical calculation which will complement the
Shari’ah based-method of moon sighting, the probable date insha Allah may be 18
June, 2015 subject to the announcement to be made by His Eminence, the Sultan
of Sokoto."
Sighting of moon is a general rule
for commencement and termination of Ramadan fasting. According to the Qur’an,
Almighty Allah says, “The month of Ramadan is the one in which the Qur’an was
revealed as a guidance for humanity and clarification of that guidance and a
standard. So whoever witnesses (shahida) the month among you, let him fast”
(2:185).
Many Islamic scholars have clearly stated that in the above verse the word
“month” actually refers to the crescent moon of the month and was called “the
month” (al-shahr) due to everyone knowing of its arrival.
The Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), clarified this further in the
following Hadith, as narrated by Abu Hurayrah:
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) made a mention of the new moon and
(in this connection) said: Observe fast when you see it (the new moon) and
breakfast when you see it (the new moon of Shawwal), but when (the actual
position of the moon is) concealed from you (on account of cloudy sky), then
count thirty days.
ORIGIN
Ramadan started in the month of Sha’aban (eight month of Islamic calendar)
around 624 A.D, two years after Hijrah (the migration of Prophet Muhammad from
Mecca to Medina). According to Qur’an, chapter 2: 183, Allah (SWT) says fasting
in the month of Ramadan is for believers alone. This was because Allah (SWT)
used the month to celebrate the revelation of the Qur’an as cited in the above
verse. Hence, fasting in the month of Ramadan is not meant for non-Muslims.
Even when they try to observe it, probably to strengthen their relationship
with Muslims, they’ll have no rewards. However, Islam has not prevented Muslims
from relating with people of other religions, they are expected to be good and
live in peace with them, especially in this blessed month.
NECESSITY
The fast of Ramadan, according to the Qur’an, sunnah (the Prophetic ways of
life) and consensus of all the scholars, it’s obligatory upon every sane,
adult, healthy Muslim. Some people are, however, exempted. They are categorised
into two, namely, those exempted for life and those that are exempted but must
repay it. Those exempted for life are not going to pay back. All they need to
do is to feed fasting Muslims, which is called Fidya in Arabic. This includes
aged males or females and those who suffer illness that cannot be healed again.
Those exempted but will pay back include travellers, pregnant and breastfeeding
women and chronic sicklers. They will have to pay back the missed days. As for
Muslims doing hard labour, it’s advisable for them to go on leave or vacation
as there is no evidence of exemption for them.
WHY IT’S UNIQUE
In Islam, Friday (Yaomal il Jumuah in Arabic) is regarded as the best day of
the week and Ramadan is the best month of Islamic calendar. In other words, the
Prophet (peace be upon him) said it is a blessed month, in which, “The gates to
paradise are opened and the gates of hellfire are locked, and the devils are
chained. There is a night (during this month) which is better than a thousand
months. Whoever is deprived of its good is really deprived (of something
great).”
HOW TO PREPARE
…Medically fit
Preparing for Ramadan goes beyond buying plenty of foodstuffs as most people
do, even though it is necessary. Fasting in the month requires a lot and it was
reported that early Muslims would start preparation six months ahead. The top
on the list is the state of health of a fasting Muslim. He’s expected to go for
medical check-up to know if he’s fit or not.
… Spiritually fit
The month of Ramadan requires high level of spirituality from Muslims, it’s
important we prepare to engage in acts of worship, with the intention of moving
close to Allah.
While preparing for Ramadan, fasting Muslims are to make ready items such as
Qur’an (possibly the ones divided in parts), misbaha (rosary), jalabia (praying
gown), praying mat that will aide their Ibadah (worship) and adhkar
(remembrance) etc.
INTENTION
It is mandatory to start fast by making intention known. Without it, the
fasting is null and void! The intention has to be made before fajr (dawn) and
during every night of Ramadan. Saying out the intention is the common mistake
people make but it need not to be spoken, as it is in reality an act of
the heart which does not involve the tongue. It will be fulfilled by one’s
intention to fast out of obedience to Allah and for seeking His pleasure.
WHY DO WE TAKE SAHUR AND IFTAR
Sahur means early morning meal and iftar is the meal we take while breaking
fast. They are technical words in the Islamic jurisprudence for commencement
and termination of fast and it’s expected of every Muslim to abide by it even
if it’s a sip of water, one must take something. There is the impression among
non Muslims that fasting in Islam is not something serious or difficult,
because it’s only the lunch meal that’s missing. While explaining the wisdom
behind it, an erudite scholar, Shaykh Luqman Abdur Raheem, said, “It’s ordained
by Allah and we must abide by it. We are not like those who invented lies into
their doctrines after the demise of their leaders. In Islam, we don’t do
innovation. But, the issue is when you’re thirsty during the day, you can’t
take water; when you are hungry, you can’t eat even though you have the money.
You can’t sleep with your wife until you terminate your fast at night and the
essence of fasting is more than that. it’s taqwa (piety) that Allah wants.”
HOW
TO COMPLETE TWO QUR’AN IN RAMADAN
Reading the glorious Qur’an is the best
act of devotion in Ramadan, said the Prophet (SAW). Our findings therefore have
shown that the glorious Qur’an has 600 pages approximately. If you divide it on
30 days, that’s 20 pages a day. You might find it difficult to read 20 pages in
a day but if you divide it on the five prayers a day, it gets easier; if you
read four pages after every five daily prayers in Ramadan, then you’ll complete the Qur’an in 30 days. If you want to
complete it twice, you read four additional pages after every prayer plus
initial one before prayer. Therefore, make sure you don’t miss all your prayers
and try as much as possible you get to Mosque at least 20 minutes before prayer
and stay for another 20 minutes after prayer.
OBSERVING
TARAWIH, OTHER NAWAFIL
Nawafil (Nafilah, singular) are
voluntary prayers but are essential for every fasting Muslim. The foremost
during Ramadan is Tarawih and it
starts on the very night in which the moon was sighted, because that night is
also among the nights of Ramadan.
Other superogatory prayers expected include solatul duha (prayer during
sunrise), solatul Hajjah (prayer of need), among others. It is also important
to note that any voluntary prayer after Ishai prayer during Ramadan is called
Tarawih; but in months other than Ramadan
it is called tahajjud or qiyamul lail because they are all observe in the
night. The tarawih prayer is 11
raka’ats long according to the practice of Allah’s Messenger. It can be
observed once or divided into two part of the night and should be observed with
the recitation of long verses, chapters of the Qur’an. For those who can’t
recite fluently, it is advisable to join the congregational prayer in their
locality, where it will be observed with solemnity and full submissiveness.
ADHKAR
Adhkar means remembrance and it’s an
obligation for every Muslim to remember Allah during Ramadan and every other day. This is evident in the word of Allah,
where He says, “...and remember your Lord much and glorify Him in the evening
and in the early morning,” and “Those who remember Allah while standing,
sitting, and lying on their sides...” (Q. 3:41, 191). It’s therefore expected
of every Muslim to chant countless of adhkar during this month so as to seek
Allah’s guidance, mercy, blessing protection and forgiveness. If Prophet
Muhammad (SAW), whom Allah (SWT) has forgiven his sins, would do 70 istigfar
(prayer of forgiveness) in a day, what stop us from doing more than that?
TAFSIR-IL-QUR’AN
Attending sermons, especially tafsir-il-Qur’an (explanation of the
Qur’an) is also another act a fasting Muslim should engage himself with. In
doing this, he’ll not only be rewarded by Allah, he will also be enlightened
about his religious injunctions. There are several centres where this takes
place.
UNDERSTANDING
I’TIKAF
The term, I’tikaf, according to the sharia
(Islamic law), is an act of staying in seclusion in Mosque in which five
prayers are held in congregation. Apart from having facilities like rest and
bath rooms, it must be a mosque where solatul
jumah (Friday prayer) is being established. The intension behind seclusion
should be strictly for worship and becoming closer to Allah. A person, both
male and female, doing i’tikaf should busy himself/herself with a lot of act of
worship such as reading the Qur’an, remembrance of Allah, voluntary prayers
among others. Acts like backbiting, gossiping and all vain and forbidden
utterances should be avoided during I’tikaf.
It’s however painful to see some places of I’tikaf
becoming halls of discussion, story-telling, arguments and other vices. There
is nothing wrong with visiting a person in I’tikaf,
especially visits by members of his or her family. Several sayings of the
Prophet (SAW) supported this but the main objective of seclusion is to witness Lailatul-qadr (Night of Majesty) in
prayer and devotion. It ends immediately the new moon of Shawwal (tenth month
of Islamic calendar) is sighted.
WHAT
IS LAILATUL QADR
Allah has blessed the Muslims with Night
of Majesty, the most virtuous of the year during Ramadan. It’s a night that is
better than thousand months and any action therein, for instance, reciting the
Qur’an, is better than acting for one thousand months which do not contain the
night of qadr. Scholars hold
different opinions as to the night which is the night of qadr but some say it’s 21, some say 23 and others say it’s between
25, 27, 29 night of Ramadan respectively. The most popular opinion which is
based on the tradition of Prophet Muhammad is 27 night of Ramadan. Despite different views, scholars unanimously
agreed that the Night of Majesty falls within odd number, 21, 23, 25, 27 and
29.